Year 1

• Read, write and interpret mathematical statements involving addition (+), subtraction (–) and equals (=) signs.
• Represent and use number bonds and related subtraction facts within 20.
• Add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero.
• Solve one-step problems that involve addition and subtraction, using concrete objects and pictorial representations, and missing number problems such as 7 = – 9.

Year 2

• Solve problems with addition and subtraction:

• Using concrete objects and pictorial representations, including those involving numbers, quantities and measures.
• Applying their increasing knowledge of mental and written methods.
• Recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100.

• Add and subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mentally, including:
• A two-digit number and ones.
• A two-digit number and tens.
• Two two-digit numbers.
• Adding three one-digit numbers
• Show that addition of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and subtraction of one number from another cannot
• ​​​​​​​Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction and use this to check calculations and solve missing number problems.

Year 3

• Add and subtract numbers mentally, including:

• A three-digit number and ones.
• A three-digit number and tens.
• A three-digit number and hundreds.

• Add and subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction.
• Estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers.
• Solve problems, including missing number problems, using number facts, place value, and more complex addition and subtraction.

Year 4

• Add and subtract numbers with up to 4 digits using the formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where appropriate.
• Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation.
• Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

Year 5

• Add and subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction).
• Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers.
• Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy.
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

Year 6

• Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers.
• Identify common factors, common multiples and prime numbers.
• Use their knowledge of the order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations.
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why 
• Solve problems involving addition, subtraction.
• Use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy.